Global Environmental Issues
- Climate warming
- Destruction of the ozone layer
3、Decrease in biodiversity
4, Acid Rain Hazard
5、Forest decline
6, Land alkalisation
7, Atmospheric pollution
8, Water pollution
9, Solid Waste Pollution
10, White Pollution
The Beginning of Environmental Protection in China
Environmental protection in China also started in 1972, when Beijing set up the Guanting Reservoir Protection Office and Hebei Province set up the Three Waste Disposal Office to jointly study and deal with the problem of pollution of the Guanting Reservoir by the Shacheng Pesticide Factory, which was located on the banks of the Guanting Reservoir and belonged to Hebei Province, leading to the enactment of a law officially prohibiting the production and use of DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on a nation-wide scale.1973 saw the setting up of the Environmental Protection Office under the State Construction Committee, which later became the State Environmental Protection Administration, a ministry directly under the State Council. The Office of Environmental Protection under the State Construction Committee (SCC) was later changed to the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), a ministry directly under the State Council. Environmental Protection Bureaus and Departments were set up in each province (city and district).
China’s environmental conditions
1, atmospheric pollution is soot-type pollution, dust and acid rain is the most harmful, and the degree of pollution is increasing.
2, acid rain is mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River, east of the Tibetan plateau and the Sichuan basin. Acid rain in central China is the most polluted.
3, rivers, lakes and reservoirs are generally subject to varying degrees of pollution, in addition to some inland rivers and large reservoirs, pollution is aggravating the trend of pollution in the vicinity of industrially developed towns and cities in the waters of the pollution is particularly prominent.
4, seven major water systems (Pearl River, Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Hailuan River, Liaohe River, Songhua River), the Yellow River Basin, Songhua River, Liaohe River Basin water pollution is serious.
5, the total phosphorus, total nitrogen pollution of large freshwater lakes, eutrophication is serious.
6, the four major sea areas to the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea pollution is heavier, the South China Sea is lighter.
7, the ecological deterioration of fishery waters has not fundamentally changed, and is aggravating the trend.
8, urban environmental pollution is a trend of aggravation.
9, urban surface water pollution is generally serious, a deteriorating trend. The vast majority of rivers are polluted to varying degrees.
10, 2/3 of the country’s rivers and more than 10 million hectares of farmland are polluted.
Problems of China’s Environment
China’s environmental problems are mainly manifested in: pollutant emissions are still quite large, far higher than the environment’s self-purifying power; industrial pollution control is still quite a heavy task, some after the treatment of the place and the recurrence of urban life, the proportion of pollution has increased markedly; many areas of agricultural water quality, soil pollution is becoming more and more prominent, and in some places of the agricultural by-products of harmful residues exceeded the standard, affecting human health and product exports; part of the area Soil erosion, desertification is still intensifying; haze is serious, and so on. On the whole, China’s ecological environment deterioration trend has been initially curbed, some areas have improved, but China’s environmental situation is still quite serious, not optimistic. The severe environmental situation forces us to make a choice: sustainable development or self-destruction. Undoubtedly, we should take effective measures to prevent and control environmental pollution and destruction without delay. Otherwise, the deteriorating environment will overshadow all our achievements in other areas. Therefore, in promoting modernisation, we must place environmental protection in a prominent position while maintaining sustained and rapid growth of the national economy. We should realise that protecting and improving the environment is also protecting and developing productive forces.
Development of Environmental Protection in China
China actively participates in international environmental protection and has concluded or participated in a series of conventions, protocols and bilateral agreements on environmental protection, including the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the amendment to the Protocol; the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Particularly Waterfowl Habitat and its amendment. Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially for Waterfowl Habitat, and its amendments. Agreement on Plant Protection in the South-East Asia and Pacific Region, International Tropical Timber Agreement; Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Protocol Concerning Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Pollution by Matter other than Oil International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage; Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, and the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed of the Oceans and in the Subsoil Thereof
Technologies for Environmental Protection in China
The Compendium of Advanced Technologies for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution covers the control of flue gas emissions from power station boilers, the control of flue gas emissions from industrial boilers and kilns, the purification of typical toxic and hazardous industrial waste gases, the control of motor vehicle exhaust emissions, the control of typical air emissions from homes and public places, and the control of air pollutants from industrial boilers and kilns.
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